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Wall that marked the failure of NAFTA

By Anuradha Mittal (*). Recently


Canadian parliamentarians New Democratic Party and Bloc Quebec met with their U.S. and Mexican counterparts to state that the North American Free Trade Agreement, known by its acronym NAFTA, is a "continental tragedy." "If it was a success would not need the wall that the U.S. wants to build on its border with Mexico and would not need to militarize," said Victor Suarez Mexican legislature.

The debate over the fate of 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States continues, however, ignoring the structural issues that have forced them to leave their homes. Free trade agreements like NAFTA promised to create more jobs, trade surpluses and a better standard of living in the countries signatories of those treaties. But reality says otherwise.

corn grown in Mexico for 10,000 years. Under NAFTA, which was supposed to "level the playing field, Mexico opened its markets to U.S. imports, including among them the corn. Mexican farmers were then unable to compete against the big U.S. producers corn growers in his country the largest recipient of state subsidies, which come at a cost of 10,000 million dollars, something like 10 times more than Mexico's agricultural budget for 2000. This multi-million dollar U.S. grant for the production of U.S. corn dumping allowed in the Mexican market for a total of between 105 and 145 million dollars annually.

not surprising then that U.S. corn exports to Mexico have tripled, and cover nearly a third of the Mexican domestic market, leading to a crisis in the corn sector. The increase in imports has reduced real prices for Mexican corn by more than 70% since 1994. Falling prices mean for Mexican corn growers a drop in income which, in turn, causes the forced abandonment of their lands and migration. In 1997, according to figures from the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 47% of the Mexican population was engaged in agriculture. It is estimated that in 2010, that percentage falls to 18%.

Far from operating in a "level playing field", NAFTA has meant a death certificate for small farmers and peasants Mexican places at the wrong end of a steep and abrupt that field, however, is downhill to the producers of the U.S. Midwest.

Advocates of free trade agreements often include the creation jobs in Mexico as a success of NAFTA. However, the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), based in the United States, notes that while low-wage jobs and low productivity (eg unpaid work in family enterprises) has grown rapidly since the early 90, 1998 income of employees fell by 25%, while those of self-employed decreased by 40%. EPI indicates that wages fell by about 27% between 1991 and 1998, while total income per hour worked fell by 40%. In addition, the minimum wage lost about 50% of its purchasing power in the last decade. Wages industry also declined by nearly 21% during that period. So while NAFTA benefited a few sectors of the economy, especially the maquiladora industries and the very wealthy, actually increased inequality and reduced incomes and job quality for the vast majority of Mexican workers.

The failure of NAFTA with the U.S. failure to eliminate their distorting subsidies have forced millions of Mexicans to head to the border. The figure reported in 1995 of 2 million 500 thousand illegal immigrants from Mexico past the U.S. has risen to 8 million since then. Hoping for a better life, the Mexicans are at risk of crossing the border but only end up finding slavery in U.S. fields, being incarcerated at the border, to be the target of U.S. lawmakers of xenophobia and sometimes even find death in the attempt. In 2005 an estimated 400 Mexicans died trying to cross the border.

As no wall will be able to remove the pressure on the US-Mexican border a few simple questions arise: should be criminalized immigrants at our borders walled or we get rid of free trade agreements or renegotiate? Should we blame the victims of free trade agreements or ensure that the same way that capital and goods flow freely across borders can also do the hungry, the homeless and the dispossessed? (END / COPYRIGHT IPS)
(*) Anuradha Mittal, founder and director of the Oakland Institute.

http://www.telesurtv.net/opinion-mittal.php
(*) founder and director of the Oakland Institute

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Certification and TLC

1) What is the certification process? It is a requirement of the United States who want to enter the CAFTA-DR (TLC).

2) What is the certification? In the case of Costa Rica, the Costa Rican enact or amend laws to meet the interests of the United States in relation to NAFTA. If this is not done, NAFTA is not effective.

3) When certification is required? Once the FTA was ratified by the Legislature. If the laws that accompany it do not satisfy the United States, they do not certify NAFTA.

4) Can the United States compel us to change the laws of the opening of ICE and INS, and any other, although we have agreed, if not satisfied? Yes they can, and if we do the FTA is not effective.

5) Will the Central American countries that were already approved the FTA process? Yes, everyone has been forced to these legal changes, some in spite of much resistance as Guatemala. Many these changes were beyond what we asked the FTA.

6) Could our Legislature, once the FTA takes effect change these laws required by the United States? Could do so only if those laws are "consistent" with NAFTA and trade liberalization are even greater. They also require that the other countries agree.

7) Could you refuse to Costa Rica this certification? No, because it is required by the internal law of the United States. If the country refuses, the FTA goes into effect.

8) Did he know the Costa Rican citizenship was this requirement? No, this requirement is kept secret.

9) ¿Fue este requisito parte de la negociación del TLC? No, no fue parte, pero nuestros negociadores conocían perfectamente su existencia.

10) ¿Se sabe lo que exigió Estados Unidos a otros países? No se sabe con precisión, pero los documentos los tiene COMEX, según sus propios informes

11) ¿Compromete esto la soberanía de nuestro país? Después de los diez puntos anteriores no creo que a alguien le quepa la menor duda.

12) ¿Qué debemos hacer?
a. Exigir de COMEX toda la documentación relacionada con el proceso de certificación mencionada en el Informe del Ministro de Comercio Exterior del año 2006 pages 10 and 11, including all required amendments to our laws, decrees and regulations. B.
Require that the certification process takes place before the ratification of NAFTA, to know exactly what we promise. C.
Require Members of all factions detailed, accurate and documented information on this certification process. Carlos A.

M. Páez

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Now more than ever we need

International marathon session lock

• Follow the discussion of NAFTA by the President of the International Affairs Committee

· UCCAEP attacked the ICE and the INS and the creation moves government employment.



In a marathon session characterized by repeated disruptions to exhibitors and limiting their MPs to ask about these demonstrations, the session of the Committee on International Affairs in record breaking time.



In the first part of the session was the audience to representatives of the Union of National Insurance Institute (UPINS) and it was not possible to deepen their representatives exposure to the threat of the lawmaker who said Vecchio Ugalde prolong the session beyond 11 o'clock at night.



In the second part in the hearing UCCAEP limited to four minutes exposure responses to questions from Members of the PAC and other parties. Again, the President of the International Affairs Committee prevented deepen the questions and answers once again blocking the discussion.



Against ICE and the INS, UCCAEP representatives presented a bleak picture of the country and called for the opening of both institutions to improve their business and trade. Also dismissed the capacity of the national economy grow and create new jobs, "that is very serious, noting that without NAFTA, our economy does not work puts us in a situation vulnerability, so the PAC insist that work is needed before a national development agenda, "said the head of Fraction, Elizabeth Fonseca.

is regrettable and put all their hopes on a free trade agreement goes beyond trade is neither free trade nor just obviously have not measured the consequences of the issue involving legal and environmental issues, just to mention two of the many issues of concern to our faction.

"The groups that supported NAFTA and supported the millionaire advertising campaign that promotes employment for costarricenseseste no scientific studies where it is found that will produce more jobs, Unlike the groups that oppose the FTA and are concerned about researching, analyzing and documenting evidence of the risks and impacts of the FTA, including employment, "said Francisco Molina

" It's a shame, I phrased the questions not given response, you can not even exchange ideas with this dynamic. It is also worrying to see that these groups do not have a national vision for moving forward, all you see in the future is the FTA, "said Ronald Solis,

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Costa Rican Development Agenda insurance in state hands are part of our history and the partnership model

· Alberto Trejos and other" negotiators "had no knowledge on insurance or took into account criteria of former president INS executive, Germain Serrano Pinto.
· National Liberation prevents the presence of Don Germain Serrano Pinto in the International Affairs Committee. Foreign insurers
· Companies go bankrupt our social security.

representatives INS workers complained like hearing other people's calls, lack of time to delve into issues affecting exposure. "You can not make it clear to the Members the negative consequences of the opening of insurance, this is an issue of such importance that they should give him more time to clear all the doubts, questions and information need to talk about a monopoly 80 years media hora es imposible” aseguró Luis Salas Sarkis, secretario general de UPINS.

“Por una cuota más de azúcar, por una cuota más de alcohol se traen abajo una institución que le ha garantizado servicios y seguros a nuestro país, los seguros de las empresas extranjeras estarían libres de impuestos creando el espejismo de ser más baratos” aseveró Salas Sarkis.

El INS utiliza los seguros lucrativos a modo de compensación sobre los seguros de menor utilización social. Gracias a este sistema solidario no se incrementa las primas de los seguros, al contrario, éstas han mostrado competitividad internacional. “El INS es una institución sin fines de lucro, created for social and national wealth redistribution, the proof is that some of their insurance, by law, must be given to the cost to the cooperative and its environment, the development of domestic production, "added Chambers. For the deputy

Francisco Molina is concerned that foreign insurance companies will not contribute anything to the national economy and will not be covered by the insurance superintendent.

"The benefits to the state they are for society and so therefore, for all the people of this country, it is important to recognize the fields of insurance covering the INS, the work injury insurance, compulsory insurance automotive, services INS-health physicians, the distinguished body of fire, crop insurance and the social meaning given to commercial insurance, "said Rep. Elizabeth Fonseca.

Private companies can not provide service in the way it does the INS because they select the lucrative part of the risks. The State, however, make sure to derive profit, as compensation, on other more useful social insurance.

INS covers almost all applications of policies, rejecting only those that can not be secured by law. Many Costa Ricans have access to insurance for that sense of solidarity, so we see wooden houses class neighborhoods poor and middle with a safe, vehicles insured almost all models and people are not discriminated against by their health or age.




A gift Germain Serrano Pinto, former CEO of the National Insurance Institute is the audience come denies having said in his book "The FTA and insurance" is really "... inconceivable that the Costa Rican negotiators have acted complacency, allowing the inclusion of the insurance sector in the treaty a few days before the scheduled date and final closing of the negotiations ... "and within days opt for the transformation of the current insurance system in Costa Rica for over eighty years, with a return of "... nearly 325 million U.S. dollars ..." (2% of GDP). For Don Germain act constitutes "... a lack of respect for our sovereignty ...." Costa Rica "... accepted in the agreements of the Treaty concessions (apart from the logic for the opening of the market) than any other country accepted ..."

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Members of the PLN, are those who prevent extensive and much-needed real discussion of NAFTA

1. Limit the amount and timing of hearings despite a "presumed intention of discussing the FTA all that is necessary." ACT 4, pages 16 and 17 of June 5.

2. The chairman of the Committee convened for discussion the FTA on 29 and 30 May without having altered the agenda to place as the only item on the agenda. ACT 3 1 June.

3. The schedule of hearings is suspiciously irregular: some days ago, others in the afternoon, others at night. Will not people want to arrive or what?

4. Reduced audiences to 15 minutes and 45 minutes of questions and answers in a strategic manner and then pretending to increased time of the hearings to 30 minutes to 1 hour of questions and answers, insufficient for such a broad topic such as NAFTA. ACT 4 page 17 of 5 June.

5. Imposed on Members only 8 minutes to ask himself against legislative regulation. ACT 5 page 24 of 7 June.

6. They call upon the parties appearing less than 24 hours before again violating legislative rules. ACT 5 Page 15 of 7 June.

7. Exposed to the first respondent Horticultural Corporation to a makeshift and contradictory statement after his hasty announcement. 5 pages 18 to 24 minutes of June 7.

8. A drum beat summoned the notables not know if they were in the country MINUTES 7 June 12.

9. Rejected on two consecutive occasions no less than former President convening the former president of the National Insurance Institute Serrano Don Germain Pinto, an expert on insurance, violating his right to speak on a topic of national interest and to prevent the public knowing their valuable arguments. ACT 4 page 30 of 5 June and 9 minutes 5 page

June 7

10. On the record that the head of the National Liberation Party fraction Antillón Mayi, called the discussion to expand the audience as a "waste of time." Acta4 page 9 of 5 June



11. The deputy of the PLN, Mauren Ballestero obstructed in a disrespectful manner, the appearance of the FECON and deliberately used 16 minutes to stop the environmental exposure performed. Minutes 6 pages 20, 21 and 23 of 12 June.



12. The FECON, which represents environmental organizations most qualified to speak on environmental, is first notified by the press and then receive the fax to the Commission quoting!, But also prevent him from returning to complete his presentation on the environmental impact NAFTA, though others gave them more space appearing. ACT 8 page 48 of June 14



13. The chairman of the Committee, Janina Del Vecchio pressured to withdraw motions seeking further hearings until it is depleted squad. ACT 6 page 9 of 8 June